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<span class="normal">556</span></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div><pre><div id="l1" class="code_block"><span class="k">\chapter</span><span class="nb">{</span>Getting Started with XSB<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\label</span><span class="nb">{</span>quick<span class="nb">_</span>start<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l2" class="code_block"><span class="c">%=====================================================</span>
</div><div id="l3" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l4" class="code_block">This section describes the steps needed to install XSB under UNIX and
</div><div id="l5" class="code_block">under Windows.
</div><div id="l6" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l7" class="code_block"><span class="k">\section</span><span class="nb">{</span>Installing XSB under UNIX<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l8" class="code_block"><span class="c">%==================================</span>
</div><div id="l9" class="code_block"><span class="k">\label</span><span class="nb">{</span>installation<span class="nb">_</span>options<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l10" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l11" class="code_block">If you are installing on a UNIX platform, the version of XSB that you
</div><div id="l12" class="code_block">received may not include all the object code files so that an
</div><div id="l13" class="code_block">installation will be necessary.  The easiest way to install XSB is to
</div><div id="l14" class="code_block">use the following procedure.
</div><div id="l15" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l16" class="code_block"><span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l17" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span>	Decide in which directory in your file system you want to install
</div><div id="l18" class="code_block">  XSB and copy or move XSB there.
</div><div id="l19" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> Make sure that after you have obtained XSB, you have
</div><div id="l20" class="code_block">  uncompressed it by following the instructions found in the file <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l21" class="code_block">    README<span class="nb">}</span>.
</div><div id="l22" class="code_block">  
</div><div id="l23" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> Note that after you uncompress and untar the XSB tar file, a
</div><div id="l24" class="code_block">  subdirectory <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> XSB<span class="nb">}</span> will be created in the current directory. All
</div><div id="l25" class="code_block">  XSB files will be located in that subdirectory.  In the rest of this
</div><div id="l26" class="code_block">  manual, we use <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> <span class="k">\$</span>XSB<span class="k">\_DIR</span><span class="nb">}</span> to refer to this subdirectory.  Note
</div><div id="l27" class="code_block">  the original directory structure of XSB must be maintained, namely,
</div><div id="l28" class="code_block">  the directory <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> <span class="k">\$</span>XSB<span class="k">\_DIR</span><span class="nb">}</span> should contain all the subdirectories
</div><div id="l29" class="code_block">  and files that came with the distribution. In particular, the
</div><div id="l30" class="code_block">  following directories are required for XSB to work: <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;emu&#39;,
</div><div id="l31" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;syslib&#39;, <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;cmplib&#39;, <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;lib&#39;, <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;packages&#39;,
</div><div id="l32" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;build&#39;, and <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;etc&#39;.
</div><div id="l33" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l34" class="code_block"><span class="k">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span>configuration<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l35" class="code_block"><span class="k">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span>installation into shared directories<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l36" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> Change directory to <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> <span class="k">\$</span>XSB<span class="k">\_DIR</span>/build<span class="nb">}</span> and then run these commands:
</div><div id="l37" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l38" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l39" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l40" class="code_block">    configure<span class="k">\\</span>
</div><div id="l41" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l42" class="code_block">    makexsb
</div><div id="l43" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l44" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l45" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l46" class="code_block">  This is it!
</div><div id="l47" class="code_block">  
</div><div id="l48" class="code_block">  In addition, it is now possible to install XSB in a shared directory
</div><div id="l49" class="code_block">  (<span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\it</span> e.g.<span class="nb">}</span>, <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> /usr/local<span class="nb">}</span>) for everyone to use.  In this situation,
</div><div id="l50" class="code_block">  you should use the following sequence of commands:
</div><div id="l51" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l52" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l53" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l54" class="code_block">    configure --prefix=<span class="k">\$</span>SHARED<span class="k">\_XSB\\</span>
</div><div id="l55" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l56" class="code_block">    makexsb<span class="k">\\</span>
</div><div id="l57" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l58" class="code_block">    makexsb install
</div><div id="l59" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l60" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l61" class="code_block">  where <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> <span class="k">\$</span>SHARED<span class="k">\_XSB</span><span class="nb">}</span>  denotes the shared directory where XSB is
</div><div id="l62" class="code_block">  installed.  In all cases, XSB can be run using the script
</div><div id="l63" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l64" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l65" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l66" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\$</span>XSB<span class="k">\_DIR</span>/bin/xsb
</div><div id="l67" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l68" class="code_block">  However, if XSB is installed in a central location, the script for
</div><div id="l69" class="code_block">  general use is:
</div><div id="l70" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l71" class="code_block">    <span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;&lt;central-installation-directory&gt;/&lt;xsb-version&gt;/bin/xsb&#39;
</div><div id="l72" class="code_block">  <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>quote<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l73" class="code_block"><span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l74" class="code_block">  <span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l75" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l76" class="code_block"><span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\bf</span> Important:<span class="nb">}</span> The XSB executable determines the location of the
</div><div id="l77" class="code_block">libraries it needs based on the full path name by which it was invoked.
</div><div id="l78" class="code_block">The ``smart script&#39;&#39; <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| also uses its full path name to
</div><div id="l79" class="code_block">determine the location of the various scripts that it needs in order to
</div><div id="l80" class="code_block">figure out the configuration of your machine.  Therefore, there are certain
</div><div id="l81" class="code_block">limitations on how XSB can be invoked.
</div><div id="l82" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l83" class="code_block">Here are some legal ways to invoke XSB:
</div><div id="l84" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l85" class="code_block"><span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l86" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span>  invoking the smart script <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| or the XSB executable using
</div><div id="l87" class="code_block">  their absolute or relative path name.
</div><div id="l88" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> using an alias for <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| or the executable.
</div><div id="l89" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> creating a new shell script that invokes either <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| or the
</div><div id="l90" class="code_block">  XSB executable using their <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\em</span> full<span class="k">\/</span><span class="nb">}</span> path names. 
</div><div id="l91" class="code_block"><span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l92" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l93" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l94" class="code_block">Here are some ways that are guaranteed to not work in some or all cases:
</div><div id="l95" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l96" class="code_block"><span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l97" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span>  creating a hard link to either <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| or the executable and
</div><div id="l98" class="code_block">  using <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\it</span> it<span class="k">\/</span><span class="nb">}</span> to invoke XSB. (Symbolic links should be ok.)
</div><div id="l99" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span> changing the relative position of either <span class="k">\verb</span>|bin/xsb| or the
</div><div id="l100" class="code_block">  XSB executable with respect to the rest of the XSB directory tree.
</div><div id="l101" class="code_block"><span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>enumerate<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l102" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l103" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l104" class="code_block">The configuration script allows many different options to be
</div><div id="l105" class="code_block">specified.  A full listing can be obtained by typing <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l106" class="code_block"><span class="k">\$</span>XSB<span class="k">\_DIR</span>/build/configure --help<span class="nb">}</span>.
</div><div id="l107" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l108" class="code_block"><span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>description<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l109" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span><span class="na">[Type of Machine.]</span>  The configuration script automatically
</div><div id="l110" class="code_block">  detects your machine and OS type, and builds XSB accordingly. On
</div><div id="l111" class="code_block">  64-bit platforms, the default compilation of XSB will reflect the
</div><div id="l112" class="code_block">  default for the C compiler (e.g. gcc) on that platform.  Moreover,
</div><div id="l113" class="code_block">  you can build XSB for different architectures while using the same
</div><div id="l114" class="code_block">  tree and the same installation directory provided, of course, that
</div><div id="l115" class="code_block">  these machines are sharing this directory, say using NFS or
</div><div id="l116" class="code_block">  Samba. All you will have to do is to login to a different machine
</div><div id="l117" class="code_block">  with a different architecture or OS type, and repeat the above
</div><div id="l118" class="code_block">  sequence of commands -- or configure with different parameters.
</div><div id="l119" class="code_block">  
</div><div id="l120" class="code_block">  The configuration files for different architectures reside in
</div><div id="l121" class="code_block">  different directories, and there is no danger of an architecture
</div><div id="l122" class="code_block">  conflict.  In fact, you can keep using the same <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> ./bin/xsb<span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l123" class="code_block">  script regardless of the architecture. It will detect your
</div><div id="l124" class="code_block">  configuration and will use the right files for the right
</div><div id="l125" class="code_block">  architecture!
</div><div id="l126" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l127" class="code_block">  If XSB is being built on a machine running Windows in which Cygwin
</div><div id="l128" class="code_block">  is installed, Cygwin and Windows are treated as separate operating
</div><div id="l129" class="code_block">  systems, as their APIs are completely different.  If no previous
</div><div id="l130" class="code_block">  configuration has been made, the configure script will attempt to
</div><div id="l131" class="code_block">  use <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> gcc<span class="nb">}</span> and other Unix facilities, and therefore will compile
</div><div id="l132" class="code_block">  the system under Cygwin.  If this behavior is not desired, the
</div><div id="l133" class="code_block">  option <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --with-wind<span class="nb">}</span> (equivalently, <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --with-os=wind<span class="nb">}</span>) uses a
</div><div id="l134" class="code_block">  Window compiler and API.  If a user wants to ensure the Cygwin
</div><div id="l135" class="code_block">  compiler is used (say after a previous configuration for Windows),
</div><div id="l136" class="code_block">  the option <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> -without-wind<span class="nb">}</span> can be used.  See
</div><div id="l137" class="code_block">  Section~<span class="k">\ref</span><span class="nb">{</span>quick:DOS<span class="nb">}</span> for more details.
</div><div id="l138" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l139" class="code_block"><span class="k">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span>cc<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span>gcc<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span>acc<span class="nb">}</span>  
</div><div id="l140" class="code_block"><span class="k">\item</span>[Choice of the C Compiler and compiler-related
</div><div id="l141" class="code_block">  options] <span class="k">\label</span><span class="nb">{</span>cc<span class="nb">}</span> On Unix systems, XSB is developed and tested
</div><div id="l142" class="code_block">  mainly using gcc.  Accordingly, the <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> configure<span class="nb">}</span> script will
</div><div id="l143" class="code_block">  attempt to use <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> gcc<span class="nb">}</span>, if it is available.  Otherwise, it will
</div><div id="l144" class="code_block">  revert to <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> cc<span class="nb">}</span> or <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> acc<span class="nb">}</span>.  Some versions of <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> gcc<span class="nb">}</span> are
</div><div id="l145" class="code_block">  broken for particular platforms or <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> gcc<span class="nb">}</span> may not have been
</div><div id="l146" class="code_block">  installed; in which case you would have to give <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> configure<span class="nb">}</span> an
</div><div id="l147" class="code_block">  additional directive <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --with-cc<span class="nb">}</span> (or <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --with-acc<span class="nb">}</span>).  If you
</div><div id="l148" class="code_block">  must use some special compiler, use <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l149" class="code_block">    --with-cc=your-own-compiler<span class="nb">}</span>.  You can also use the <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l150" class="code_block">    --with-optimization<span class="nb">}</span> option to change the default C compiler
</div><div id="l151" class="code_block">  optimization level.  (or <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --disable-optimization<span class="nb">}</span> to disable all
</div><div id="l152" class="code_block">  compiler optimizations).  <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> --enable-debug<span class="nb">}</span> is mainly a
</div><div id="l153" class="code_block">  devlopment option that allows XSB to be debugged using gdb -- there
</div><div id="l154" class="code_block">  are many other compiler-based options options.  Type <span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\tt</span> configure
</div><div id="l155" class="code_block">    --help<span class="nb">}</span> to see them all. Also see the file~<span class="k">\verb</span>&#39;<span class="s">$</span><span class="nb">XSB_DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">INSTALL&#39;</span>
</div><div id="l156" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  for more details.</span>
</div><div id="l157" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l158" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">Word Size</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> XSB&#39;s configuration script checks whether the default</span>
</div><div id="l159" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  compilation mode of a platform is </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb"> or </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits, and will build a</span>
</div><div id="l160" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  version of XSB accoringly.  Some platforms, however, support both</span>
</div><div id="l161" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit and </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit compilation.  On such a platform, a user can</span>
</div><div id="l162" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  explicitly specify the type of compilation using the options {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l163" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">} and {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="nb">}.  </span>
</div><div id="l164" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l165" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">XSB and Site</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">specific Information</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> Using the option {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l166" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">PREFIX} installs architecture</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">independent files in the</span>
</div><div id="l167" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  directory {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> PREFIX}, e.g. {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">local}, which can be useful</span>
</div><div id="l168" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  if XSB is to be shared at a site.  Using the option {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l169" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">site</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">prefix</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">DIR} installs site</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">specific libraries in {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l170" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">site}.  Other options indicate directories in which to search</span>
</div><div id="l171" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  for site</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">specific static and dynamic libraries, and for include</span>
</div><div id="l172" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  files.</span>
</div><div id="l173" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l174" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">Multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threading</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> Version </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> of XSB was the first version that</span>
</div><div id="l175" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  supports multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threading.  On some platforms, the multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threaded</span>
</div><div id="l176" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  engine is slightly slower than the single</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threaded engine, mostly</span>
</div><div id="l177" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  due to its need for concurrency control.  To obtain the benefits of</span>
</div><div id="l178" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  multiple threads on a platform that supports either POSIX or Windows</span>
</div><div id="l179" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  threads </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">i.e.  nearly all platforms</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> users must configure XSB with</span>
</div><div id="l180" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  the directive {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> enable</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">mt} </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">see Section~</span><span class="nv">\ref</span><span class="nb">{sec:mt</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">windows} for</span>
</div><div id="l181" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  instructions specific to Windows. The multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threaded engine works</span>
</div><div id="l182" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  with other configuration options, multi</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">threading can be compiled</span>
</div><div id="l183" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  with batched or local scheduling, with the ODBC or Interprolog</span>
</div><div id="l184" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  interfaces, and so on.</span>
</div><div id="l185" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l186" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l187" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{InterProlog Interface}</span>
</div><div id="l188" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{Oracle Interface}</span>
</div><div id="l189" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{SModels Interface}</span>
</div><div id="l190" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{XASP}</span>
</div><div id="l191" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{ODBC Interface}</span>
</div><div id="l192" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{Tck</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">Tk}</span>
</div><div id="l193" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l194" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">Interfaces</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> Certain interfaces must be designated at</span>
</div><div id="l195" class="code_block"><span class="nb">configuration time, including those to Oracle, ODBC, Smodels, Tck</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">Tk,</span>
</div><div id="l196" class="code_block"><span class="nb">and Libwww.  However, the XSB</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">calling</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">C interface interface does not</span>
</div><div id="l197" class="code_block"><span class="nb">need to be specified at configuration time.  If you wish to use the</span>
</div><div id="l198" class="code_block"><span class="nb">InterProlog Java interface that is based on JNI, you must</span>
</div><div id="l199" class="code_block"><span class="nb">specify this at configuration time; otherwise if you wish to use the</span>
</div><div id="l200" class="code_block"><span class="nb">sockets</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">based Interprolog interface, it does not need to be specified</span>
</div><div id="l201" class="code_block"><span class="nb">at configuration time.  See Volume </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="nb"> and the InterProlog site {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l202" class="code_block"><span class="nb">www.declarativa.com} for details of specific interfaces</span>
</div><div id="l203" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l204" class="code_block"><span class="nb">While the XSB configuration mechanism can detect most include and</span>
</div><div id="l205" class="code_block"><span class="nb">library paths, use of certain interfaces may require information about</span>
</div><div id="l206" class="code_block"><span class="nb">particular directories.  In particular the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l207" class="code_block"><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">static</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">libraries} option might be needed if compiling with</span>
</div><div id="l208" class="code_block"><span class="nb">support for statically linked packages </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">such as Oracle</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> or if your</span>
</div><div id="l209" class="code_block"><span class="nb">standard C libraries are in odd places. Alternately, dynamic libraries</span>
</div><div id="l210" class="code_block"><span class="nb">on odd places may need to be specified at configuration time using the</span>
</div><div id="l211" class="code_block"><span class="nb">{</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">dynamic</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">libraries} option.  and finally, the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l212" class="code_block"><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">includes} option might be needed if your standard header files</span>
</div><div id="l213" class="code_block"><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">or your {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> jni.h} file</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> are in odd places, or if XSB is compiled</span>
</div><div id="l214" class="code_block"><span class="nb">with ODBC support.  Type {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> configure </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">help} for more details.</span>
</div><div id="l215" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l216" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l217" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{scheduling strategy}</span>
</div><div id="l218" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">Type of Scheduling Strategy.</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb">  The ordering of operations within</span>
</div><div id="l219" class="code_block"><span class="nb">a tabled evaluation can drastically affect its performance.  XSB</span>
</div><div id="l220" class="code_block"><span class="nb">provides two scheduling strategies: Batched Evaluation and Local</span>
</div><div id="l221" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Evaluation.  Local Evaluation ensures that, whenever possible,</span>
</div><div id="l222" class="code_block"><span class="nb">subgoals are fully evaluated before there answers are returned, and</span>
</div><div id="l223" class="code_block"><span class="nb">provides superior behavior for programs in which tabled negation is</span>
</div><div id="l224" class="code_block"><span class="nb">used.  Batched Evaluation evaluates queries to reduce the time to the</span>
</div><div id="l225" class="code_block"><span class="nb">first answer of a query.  Both evaluation methods can be useful for</span>
</div><div id="l226" class="code_block"><span class="nb">different programs.  Since Version </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="nb">, Local Evaluation has been the</span>
</div><div id="l227" class="code_block"><span class="nb">default evaluation method for XSB.  Batched Evaluation can be chosen</span>
</div><div id="l228" class="code_block"><span class="nb">via the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">enable</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">batched</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">scheduling} configure option.  Detailed</span>
</div><div id="l229" class="code_block"><span class="nb">explanations of the scheduling strategies can be found in</span>
</div><div id="l230" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\cite</span><span class="nb">{JFLP</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">Scheduling}, and further experimentation in </span><span class="nv">\cite</span><span class="nb">{CaSW</span><span class="m">02</span><span class="nb">}.</span>
</div><div id="l231" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l232" class="code_block"><span class="c">%</span>
</div><div id="l233" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{description}</span>
</div><div id="l234" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l235" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Other options are of interest to advanced users who wish to experiment</span>
</div><div id="l236" class="code_block"><span class="nb">with XSB, or to use XSB for large</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">scale projects.  In general, however</span>
</div><div id="l237" class="code_block"><span class="nb">users need not concern themselves with these options.</span>
</div><div id="l238" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l239" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\subsection</span><span class="nb">{Possible Installation Problems}</span>
</div><div id="l240" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l241" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l242" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\paragraph</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nb">{Lack of Space for Optimized Compilation of C Code}</span>
</div><div id="l243" class="code_block"><span class="nb">When making the optimized version of the emulator, the temporary space</span>
</div><div id="l244" class="code_block"><span class="nb">available to the C compiler for intermediate files is sometimes not</span>
</div><div id="l245" class="code_block"><span class="nb">sufficient. For example on one of our SPARCstations that had very</span>
</div><div id="l246" class="code_block"><span class="nb">little {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">tmp} space the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> &quot;</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">O</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="nb">&quot;} option could not be used for</span>
</div><div id="l247" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the compilation of files {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> emuloop.c}, and {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> tries.c}, without</span>
</div><div id="l248" class="code_block"><span class="nb">changing the default {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> tmp} directory and increasing the swap</span>
</div><div id="l249" class="code_block"><span class="nb">space.  Depending on your C compiler, the amount and nature of {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l250" class="code_block"><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">tmp} and swap space of your machine you may or may not encounter</span>
</div><div id="l251" class="code_block"><span class="nb">problems.  If you are using the SUN C compiler, and have disk space in</span>
</div><div id="l252" class="code_block"><span class="nb">one of your directories, say {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> dir}, add the following option to</span>
</div><div id="l253" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the entries of any files that cannot be compiled:</span>
</div><div id="l254" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l255" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\demo</span><span class="nb">{       </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">temp</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dir}</span>
</div><div id="l256" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l257" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\noindent</span>
</div><div id="l258" class="code_block"><span class="nb">If you are using the GNU C compiler, consult its manual pages</span>
</div><div id="l259" class="code_block"><span class="nb">to find out how you can change the default {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> tmp} directory or how you</span>
</div><div id="l260" class="code_block"><span class="nb">can use pipes to avoid the use of temporary space during compiling.</span>
</div><div id="l261" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Usually changing the default directory can be done by declaring</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">modifying</span>
</div><div id="l262" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> TMPDIR} environment variable as follows:</span>
</div><div id="l263" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l264" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\demo</span><span class="nb">{       setenv TMPDIR dir}</span>
</div><div id="l265" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l266" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\paragraph</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nb">{Missing XSB Object Files}</span>
</div><div id="l267" class="code_block"><span class="nb">When an object </span><span class="o">(*</span><span class="nb">.xwam</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> file is missing from the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> lib} directories</span>
</div><div id="l268" class="code_block"><span class="nb">you can normally run the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> make} command in that directory to</span>
</div><div id="l269" class="code_block"><span class="nb">restore it </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">instructions for doing so are given in Chapter</span>
</div><div id="l270" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\ref</span><span class="nb">{quick_start}</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">.  However, to restore an object file in the</span>
</div><div id="l271" class="code_block"><span class="nb">directories {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> syslib} and {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> cmplib}, one needs to have a</span>
</div><div id="l272" class="code_block"><span class="nb">separate Prolog compiler accessible </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">such as a separate copy of</span>
</div><div id="l273" class="code_block"><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">, because the XSB compiler uses most of the files in these</span>
</div><div id="l274" class="code_block"><span class="nb">two directories and hence will not function when some of them are</span>
</div><div id="l275" class="code_block"><span class="nb">missing.  For this reason, distributed versions normally include all</span>
</div><div id="l276" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the object files in {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> syslib} and {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> cmplib}.</span>
</div><div id="l277" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l278" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\paragraph</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nb">{XSB on </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit platforms}</span>
</div><div id="l279" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\index</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit architectures}</span>
</div><div id="l280" class="code_block"><span class="c">%</span>
</div><div id="l281" class="code_block"><span class="nb">XSB has been fully tested on </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit Debian Linux, </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit and Mac OS X.</span>
</div><div id="l282" class="code_block"><span class="nb">However, the sockets library may have problems in </span><span class="nv">\version</span><span class="nb">{}.  If this</span>
</div><div id="l283" class="code_block"><span class="nb">limitation prove a problem, please contact {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l284" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  xsb</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">development@lists.sourceforge.net}~</span><span class="nv">\footnote</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit XSB was</span>
</div><div id="l285" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  broken in a recent releases prior to Version </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb"> because for a time</span>
</div><div id="l286" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  the developers did not have access to a </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit machine.}.</span>
</div><div id="l287" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l288" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Typically, if the </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit system generates </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit code by default, XSB</span>
</div><div id="l289" class="code_block"><span class="nb">will run just as in </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit mode </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">including </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit floats</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">.  </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit</span>
</div><div id="l290" class="code_block"><span class="nb">compilation can be forced for XSB by configuring with the option {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l291" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="nb">}, and in a similar manner </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit compilation can be</span>
</div><div id="l292" class="code_block"><span class="nb">forced with the option {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">}.  Users who employ either</span>
</div><div id="l293" class="code_block"><span class="nb">option should be aware of issues that may arise when linking XSB to</span>
</div><div id="l294" class="code_block"><span class="nb">external C code.  </span>
</div><div id="l295" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\bi</span>
</div><div id="l296" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> When XSB calls C code the C file must have been compiled with</span>
</div><div id="l297" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  the same memory option as XSB.  This is done automatically if the C</span>
</div><div id="l298" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  file is compiled via a call from XSB&#39;s compiler, but must be handled</span>
</div><div id="l299" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  by the user otherwise.  For instance, if XSB were configured {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l300" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">} on a </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit machine defaulting to </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits, then C</span>
</div><div id="l301" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  files called by XSB require the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">m</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">} option in {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> gcc} </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">if</span>
</div><div id="l302" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  not compiled by XSB</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">.</span>
</div><div id="l303" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> The appropriate memory option must be used when embedding XSB</span>
</div><div id="l304" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  into a C or Java process.  For instance, if a XSB is to be linked</span>
</div><div id="l305" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  into a </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit application on a </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bit platform defaulting to</span>
</div><div id="l306" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="m">64</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits, XSB must be configured {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">bits</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">}, and the linking</span>
</div><div id="l307" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  of {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> xsb.o</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">so} to the calling program must specify {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">m</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">}.</span>
</div><div id="l308" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\ei</span>
</div><div id="l309" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l310" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\section</span><span class="nb">{Installing XSB under Windows}</span>
</div><div id="l311" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\subsection</span><span class="nb">{Using Cygnus Software&#39;s </span><span class="nv">\mbox</span><span class="nb">{CygWin</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="nb">}}</span>
</div><div id="l312" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\label</span><span class="nb">{quick:cygwin}</span>
</div><div id="l313" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l314" class="code_block"><span class="nb">This is easy: just follow the Unix instructions. This is the preferred way to</span>
</div><div id="l315" class="code_block"><span class="nb">run XSB under Windows, because this ensures that all features of XSB are</span>
</div><div id="l316" class="code_block"><span class="nb">available.</span>
</div><div id="l317" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l318" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l319" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\subsection</span><span class="nb">{Using Microsoft Visual C</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l320" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\label</span><span class="nb">{quick:DOS}</span>
</div><div id="l321" class="code_block"><span class="c">%==========================================</span>
</div><div id="l322" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l323" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{enumerate}</span>
</div><div id="l324" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> </span>
</div><div id="l325" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   XSB will unpack into a subdirectory named {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> xsb}.</span>
</div><div id="l326" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   Assuming that you have {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> XSB.ZIP} in the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR} directory,</span>
</div><div id="l327" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   you can issue the command</span>
</div><div id="l328" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l329" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   unzip</span><span class="m">386</span><span class="nb"> xsb.zip</span>
</div><div id="l330" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l331" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   which will install XSB in the subdirectory {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> xsb}.</span>
</div><div id="l332" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l333" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> If you decide to move XSB to some other place, make sure that the</span>
</div><div id="l334" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   entire directory tree is moved </span><span class="o">---</span><span class="nb"> XSB executable looks for the files it</span>
</div><div id="l335" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   needs relatively to its current position in the file system.</span>
</div><div id="l336" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l337" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{enumerate}</span>
</div><div id="l338" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l339" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l340" class="code_block"><span class="nb">You can compile XSB under Microsoft Visual C</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="nb"> compiler </span>
</div><div id="l341" class="code_block"><span class="nb">by following these steps:</span>
</div><div id="l342" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l343" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{enumerate}</span>
</div><div id="l344" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> Download the free of charge Microsoft Visual C</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="nb"> Express Edition from</span>
</div><div id="l345" class="code_block"><span class="c">%% </span>
</div><div id="l346" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l347" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  http:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="nb">www.microsoft.com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">express</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">vc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb"> </span>
</div><div id="l348" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l349" class="code_block"><span class="c">%% </span>
</div><div id="l350" class="code_block"><span class="nb">By default, this program is installed in</span>
</div><div id="l351" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\texttt</span><span class="nb">{C:</span><span class="s">$</span><span class="k">\backslash</span><span class="s">$</span><span class="nb">Program Files</span><span class="s">$</span><span class="k">\backslash</span><span class="s">$</span><span class="nb">Microsoft Visual Studio </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb">},</span>
</div><div id="l352" class="code_block"><span class="nb">and we shall assume this</span>
</div><div id="l353" class="code_block"><span class="nb">directory below </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">at the time of this writing, the latest version was </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb">,</span>
</div><div id="l354" class="code_block"><span class="nb">but the version number may change</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">.</span>
</div><div id="l355" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> Go to Start Menu then Control Panel then System </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">depending on your</span>
</div><div id="l356" class="code_block"><span class="nb">version of Windows, the System panel might not be directly inside Control</span>
</div><div id="l357" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Panel, but one or two levels below. Then click ``Change Settings,&#39;&#39; select</span>
</div><div id="l358" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the ``Advanced&#39;&#39; tab, and then click the ``Environment Variables&#39;&#39; button.</span>
</div><div id="l359" class="code_block"><span class="nb">In the panel that is now selected,</span>
</div><div id="l360" class="code_block"><span class="nb">choose the PATH variable and click Edit. At the end of the string that</span>
</div><div id="l361" class="code_block"><span class="nb">represents the value of PATH, add</span>
</div><div id="l362" class="code_block"><span class="c">%% </span>
</div><div id="l363" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l364" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> ;C:</span><span class="nv">\Program</span><span class="nb"> Files</span><span class="nv">\Microsoft</span><span class="nb"> Visual Studio </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nv">\VC\BIN</span>
</div><div id="l365" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l366" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l367" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span>
</div><div id="l368" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> cd </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">build}  </span>
</div><div id="l369" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\item</span>
</div><div id="l370" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  Type:</span><span class="nv">\\</span>
</div><div id="l371" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> makexsb </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">&quot;CFG</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">option&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">&quot;ORACLE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">yes&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">&quot;SITE</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">LIBS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">libraries&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l372" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l373" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{itemize}</span>
</div><div id="l374" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> The items in square brackets are optional.</span>
</div><div id="l375" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> The options for {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> CFG} are: </span><span class="nv">\emph</span><span class="nb">{release} </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> or </span><span class="nv">\emph</span><span class="nb">{debug}.  The</span>
</div><div id="l376" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    latter is used when you want to compile XSB with debugging enabled.</span>
</div><div id="l377" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> The {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> ORACLE} parameter </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">default is ``no&#39;&#39;</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> compiles XSB with</span>
</div><div id="l378" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    native support for Oracle DBMS. If {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> ORACLE} is</span>
</div><div id="l379" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    specified, you {</span><span class="nv">\bf</span><span class="nb"> must} also specify the necessary Oracle libraries</span>
</div><div id="l380" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    using the parameter {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> SITE</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">LIBS}.</span>
</div><div id="l381" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    Native Oracle support is rarely used and ODBC is the recommended way to</span>
</div><div id="l382" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    connect to databases.</span>
</div><div id="l383" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{itemize}</span>
</div><div id="l384" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l385" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   </span>
</div><div id="l386" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\item</span><span class="nb"> The above command will compile XSB as requested and will put the XSB </span>
</div><div id="l387" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   executable and its DLL in:</span>
</div><div id="l388" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l389" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\[</span>
</div><div id="l390" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{array}{l}</span>
</div><div id="l391" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l392" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}config</span><span class="nv">\backslash\texttt</span><span class="nb">{x</span><span class="m">86</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">pc</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">windows}</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}bin</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}xsb.exe</span>
</div><div id="l393" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\\</span>
</div><div id="l394" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l395" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}config</span><span class="nv">\backslash\texttt</span><span class="nb">{x</span><span class="m">86</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">pc</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">windows}</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}bin</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}xsb.dll</span>
</div><div id="l396" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{array}</span>
</div><div id="l397" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\]</span>
</div><div id="l398" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l399" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{enumerate}</span>
</div><div id="l400" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l401" class="code_block"><span class="nb">{</span><span class="nv">\bf</span><span class="nb"> Note}: if you compiled XSB with one set of parameters and then want to</span>
</div><div id="l402" class="code_block"><span class="nb">recompile with a different set, it is recommended that you run</span>
</div><div id="l403" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l404" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l405" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> makexsb  clean  </span>
</div><div id="l406" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l407" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l408" class="code_block"><span class="nb">in between the compilations.</span>
</div><div id="l409" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l410" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l411" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\section</span><span class="nb">{Invoking XSB}</span>
</div><div id="l412" class="code_block"><span class="c">%=====================</span>
</div><div id="l413" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l414" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Under Unix, XSB can be invoked by the command:</span>
</div><div id="l415" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{quote}</span>
</div><div id="l416" class="code_block"><span class="nb">       </span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">xsb</span>
</div><div id="l417" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{quote}</span>
</div><div id="l418" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%$</span>
</div><div id="l419" class="code_block"><span class="nb">if you have installed XSB in your private directory.  If XSB is</span>
</div><div id="l420" class="code_block"><span class="nb">installed in a shared directory </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="nv">\it</span><span class="nb"> e.g.}, {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">SHARED</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">XSB} for</span>
</div><div id="l421" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the entire site </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">UNIX only</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">, then you should use</span>
</div><div id="l422" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{quote}</span>
</div><div id="l423" class="code_block"><span class="nb">       </span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">SHARED</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">xsb</span>
</div><div id="l424" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{quote}</span>
</div><div id="l425" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l426" class="code_block"><span class="nb">In both cases, you will find yourself in the top level interpreter.  </span>
</div><div id="l427" class="code_block"><span class="nb">As mentioned above, this script automatically detects the system</span>
</div><div id="l428" class="code_block"><span class="nb">configuration you are running on and will use the right files and</span>
</div><div id="l429" class="code_block"><span class="nb">executables. </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">Of course, XSB should have been built for that architecture</span>
</div><div id="l430" class="code_block"><span class="nb">earlier.</span><span class="o">)</span>
</div><div id="l431" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l432" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Under Windows, you should invoke XSB by typing:</span>
</div><div id="l433" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\[</span>
</div><div id="l434" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l435" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}bin</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}xsb</span>
</div><div id="l436" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\]</span>
</div><div id="l437" class="code_block"><span class="nb">This script tries to find the XSB executable and invoke it. If, for some</span>
</div><div id="l438" class="code_block"><span class="nb">reason, it fails to do so, the user should call the executable directly.</span>
</div><div id="l439" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\[</span>
</div><div id="l440" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l441" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}config</span><span class="nv">\backslash\texttt</span><span class="nb">{x</span><span class="m">86</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">pc</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">windows}</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}bin</span><span class="nv">\backslash</span><span class="nb">{}xsb.exe</span>
</div><div id="l442" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\]</span>
</div><div id="l443" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%</span>
</div><div id="l444" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l445" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l446" class="code_block"><span class="nb">You may want to make an alias such as {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\smallourprolog</span><span class="nb">} to the above</span>
</div><div id="l447" class="code_block"><span class="nb">commands, for convenience, or you might want to put the directory where the</span>
</div><div id="l448" class="code_block"><span class="nb">XSB command is found in the {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">PATH} environment variable. However, you</span>
</div><div id="l449" class="code_block"><span class="nb">should {</span><span class="nv">\bf</span><span class="nb"> not} make hard links to this script or to the XSB executable.</span>
</div><div id="l450" class="code_block"><span class="nb">If you invoke XSB via such a hard link, XSB will likely be confused and will</span>
</div><div id="l451" class="code_block"><span class="nb">not find its libraries.  That said, you {</span><span class="nv">\bf</span><span class="nb"> can} create other scripts and</span>
</div><div id="l452" class="code_block"><span class="nb">call the above script from there.</span>
</div><div id="l453" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l454" class="code_block"><span class="nb">ISO``standard&#39;&#39; Prolog predicates are supported by XSB, in addition to</span>
</div><div id="l455" class="code_block"><span class="nb">many other predicates: so those of you who consider yourselves</span>
</div><div id="l456" class="code_block"><span class="nb">champion entomologists, can try to test them for bugs now.  Details</span>
</div><div id="l457" class="code_block"><span class="nb">are in Chapter~</span><span class="nv">\ref</span><span class="nb">{standard}.</span>
</div><div id="l458" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l459" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l460" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\section</span><span class="nb">{Compiling XSB programs}</span>
</div><div id="l461" class="code_block"><span class="c">%===============================</span>
</div><div id="l462" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l463" class="code_block"><span class="nb">One way to compile a program from a file, such as {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> myfile.P} in</span>
</div><div id="l464" class="code_block"><span class="nb">the current directory and load it into memory, is to type the query:</span>
</div><div id="l465" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l466" class="code_block"><span class="nb">     </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">my_file</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb">.</span>
</div><div id="l467" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l468" class="code_block"><span class="nb">where </span><span class="nv">\verb</span><span class="nb">&#39;my_file&#39; is the name of the file.</span>
</div><div id="l469" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Chapter~</span><span class="nv">\ref</span><span class="nb">{chap:system} contains a full discussion of the compiling</span>
</div><div id="l470" class="code_block"><span class="nb">and consulting.</span>
</div><div id="l471" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l472" class="code_block"><span class="nb">If you are eccentric </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">or you don&#39;t know how to use an editor</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> you can also </span>
</div><div id="l473" class="code_block"><span class="nb">compile and load predicates input directly from the terminal by using the</span>
</div><div id="l474" class="code_block"><span class="nb">command:</span>
</div><div id="l475" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l476" class="code_block"><span class="nb">     </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">user</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb">.</span>
</div><div id="l477" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l478" class="code_block"><span class="nb">A {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span><span class="nb"> CTRL</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">d} or the atom </span><span class="nv">\verb</span><span class="nb">&#39;end_of_file&#39; followed by a period </span>
</div><div id="l479" class="code_block"><span class="nb">terminates the input stream.</span>
</div><div id="l480" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l481" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l482" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\section</span><span class="nb">{Sample XSB Programs}</span>
</div><div id="l483" class="code_block"><span class="c">%============================</span>
</div><div id="l484" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l485" class="code_block"><span class="nb">There are several sample XSB source programs in the directory: {</span><span class="nv">\tt</span>
</div><div id="l486" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  </span><span class="nv">\$</span><span class="nb">XSB</span><span class="nv">\_</span><span class="nb">DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">examples} illustrating a number of standard features, as</span>
</div><div id="l487" class="code_block"><span class="nb">well as a number of non</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">standardized or XSB</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">specific features</span>
</div><div id="l488" class="code_block"><span class="nb">including plain tabling, incremental tabling, tabling with negation,</span>
</div><div id="l489" class="code_block"><span class="nb">attributed variables, annotated programs, constraint handling rules,</span>
</div><div id="l490" class="code_block"><span class="nb">XSB embedded in a C program, XSB calling C functions, sockets, and</span>
</div><div id="l491" class="code_block"><span class="nb">various semantic web appliation</span>
</div><div id="l492" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l493" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Hence, a sample session might look like</span>
</div><div id="l494" class="code_block"><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">the actual times shown below may vary and some extra information is given</span>
</div><div id="l495" class="code_block"><span class="nb">using comments after the </span><span class="nv">\%</span><span class="nb"> character</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">:</span>
</div><div id="l496" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l497" class="code_block"><span class="nb">{</span><span class="nv">\footnotesize</span>
</div><div id="l498" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\begin</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l499" class="code_block"><span class="nb">my_favourite_prompt&gt; cd </span><span class="s">$</span>XSB<span class="nb">_</span>DIR/examples
</div><div id="l500" class="code_block">my<span class="nb">_</span>favourite<span class="nb">_</span>prompt&gt; <span class="s">$</span><span class="nb">XSB_DIR</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">xsb</span>
</div><div id="l501" class="code_block"><span class="nb">XSB Version </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">Incognito</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb"> of August </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="nb">, </span><span class="m">2007</span>
</div><div id="l502" class="code_block"><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">i</span><span class="m">386</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">apple</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">darwin</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">9</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb">; mode: optimal; engine: slg</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">wam; scheduling: local; word size: </span><span class="m">32</span><span class="o">]</span>
</div><div id="l503" class="code_block"><span class="nb">| ?</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">queens</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="nb">.</span>
</div><div id="l504" class="code_block"><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">queens loaded</span><span class="o">]</span>
</div><div id="l505" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l506" class="code_block"><span class="nb">yes</span>
</div><div id="l507" class="code_block"><span class="nb">| ?</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb"> demo.</span>
</div><div id="l508" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l509" class="code_block"><span class="c">% ...... output from queens program .......</span>
</div><div id="l510" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l511" class="code_block"><span class="nb">Time used: </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">4810</span><span class="nb"> sec</span>
</div><div id="l512" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l513" class="code_block"><span class="nb">yes</span>
</div><div id="l514" class="code_block"><span class="nb">| ?</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb"> statistics.</span>
</div><div id="l515" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l516" class="code_block"><span class="nb">memory </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">total</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="nb">         </span><span class="m">1906488</span><span class="nb"> bytes:       </span><span class="m">203452</span><span class="nb"> in use,      </span><span class="m">1703036</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l517" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  permanent space       </span><span class="m">202552</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span>
</div><div id="l518" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  glob</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">loc space        </span><span class="m">786432</span><span class="nb"> bytes:          </span><span class="m">432</span><span class="nb"> in use,       </span><span class="m">786000</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l519" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    global                                     </span><span class="m">240</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span>
</div><div id="l520" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    local                                      </span><span class="m">192</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span>
</div><div id="l521" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  trail</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">cp space        </span><span class="m">786432</span><span class="nb"> bytes:          </span><span class="m">468</span><span class="nb"> in use,       </span><span class="m">785964</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l522" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    trail                                      </span><span class="m">132</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span>
</div><div id="l523" class="code_block"><span class="nb">    choice point                               </span><span class="m">336</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span>
</div><div id="l524" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  SLG subgoal space          </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> bytes:            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> in use,            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l525" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  SLG unific. space      </span><span class="m">65536</span><span class="nb"> bytes:            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> in use,        </span><span class="m">65536</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l526" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  SLG completion         </span><span class="m">65536</span><span class="nb"> bytes:            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> in use,        </span><span class="m">65536</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l527" class="code_block"><span class="nb">  SLG trie space             </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> bytes:            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> in use,            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> free</span>
</div><div id="l528" class="code_block"><span class="nb">   </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">call</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">ret. trie           </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> bytes,     trie hash tables            </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> bytes</span><span class="o">)</span>
</div><div id="l529" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l530" class="code_block"><span class="nb">      </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> subgoals currently in tables</span>
</div><div id="l531" class="code_block"><span class="nb">      </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> subgoal check</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">insert attempts inserted     </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> subgoals in the tables</span>
</div><div id="l532" class="code_block"><span class="nb">      </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> answer  check</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">insert attempts inserted     </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb"> answers  in the tables</span>
</div><div id="l533" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l534" class="code_block"><span class="nb">       Time: </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">610</span><span class="nb"> sec. cputime,  </span><span class="m">18</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">048</span><span class="nb"> sec. elapsetime</span>
</div><div id="l535" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l536" class="code_block"><span class="nb">yes</span>
</div><div id="l537" class="code_block"><span class="nb">| ?</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb"> halt.          </span><span class="c">% I had enough !!!</span>
</div><div id="l538" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l539" class="code_block"><span class="nb">End XSB </span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">cputime </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">19</span><span class="nb"> secs, elapsetime </span><span class="m">270</span><span class="nb">.</span><span class="m">25</span><span class="nb"> secs</span><span class="o">)</span>
</div><div id="l540" class="code_block"><span class="nb">my_favourite_prompt&gt;</span>
</div><div id="l541" class="code_block"><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\end</span><span class="nb">{verbatim}</span>
</div><div id="l542" class="code_block"><span class="nb">}</span>
</div><div id="l543" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l544" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l545" class="code_block"><span class="nv">\section</span><span class="nb">{Exiting XSB}</span>
</div><div id="l546" class="code_block"><span class="c">%====================</span>
</div><div id="l547" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l548" class="code_block"><span class="nb">If you want to exit XSB, issue the command </span><span class="nv">\verb</span><span class="nb">&#39;halt.&#39; or</span>
</div><div id="l549" class="code_block"><span class="nb">simply type </span><span class="nv">\verb</span><span class="nb">&#39;CTRL</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">d&#39; at the XSB prompt. To exit XSB while it is</span>
</div><div id="l550" class="code_block"><span class="nb">executing queries, strike </span><span class="nv">\verb</span><span class="nb">&#39;CTRL</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">c&#39; a number of times.</span>
</div><div id="l551" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l552" class="code_block">
</div><div id="l553" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%% Local Variables: </span>
</div><div id="l554" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%% mode: latex</span>
</div><div id="l555" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%% TeX-master: &quot;manual1&quot;</span>
</div><div id="l556" class="code_block"><span class="c">%%% End: </span>
</div></pre></div></td></tr></table></div>

      
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